Bibliography of Nagra's publications in the

field of natural analogues.

January, 2003.

 

Overview of Nagra's Natural Analogue Projects

Theme

Examples (see list for details)

Reviews

Chapman et al. (1984), Miller et al. (1994, 2000), Alexander and Blaser (2002)

PA

McKinley (1989b), McKinley et al. (1989, 1992), McKinley und Alexander (1992), Alexander und McKinley (1999), EN2002 (ongoing)

Archaeology EWI (1983), Alexander and Miller (1994)
Mensenschwand Hofmann (1989), Degueldre et al. (1996
Poços de Caldas Chapman et al. (1991, 1993), MacKenzie et al. (1991)
Oman Bath et al (1987), McKinley (1987c,d)
Jordan Alexander (1992), Linklater (1998), Smellie (1998)
Redox Systems (1992) Hofmann et al. (1987), Cross et al. (1991,
Matrix Diffusion Smellie et al. (1985), Alexander et al. (1987), Mazurek et al. (1996)
Glass Jercinovic und Ewing (1988)
Colloids

Miekeley et al. (1989), McCarthy and Degueldre (1993), Wetton et al., 1998

BPM (Blind Predictive Modelling) Bath et al. (1987), Alexander et al. (1992), Pate et al. (1994)
Retardation McKinley and Alexander (1992, 1993, 1996), Alexander et al., 2002

Microbiology

McKinley et al. (1997), West et al. (1991, 1995, 2002)

PR

Chapman und McKinley (1990), Güntensperger (1993), McKinley and Tsuboya (2001), West et al. (2001)

 

 

Listed below are the numerous papers, reports, books and newspaper and magazine articles (plus a video) produced under the auspices of Nagra`s natural analogue programme. A wide range of subjects and issues have been dealt with and, to ensure complete coverage, papers which deal only in part with natural analogues have also been included in italics.

 

Books:

 

W.R.Alexander and I.G.McKinley (1999) The chemical basis of near-field containment in the Swiss high-level radioactive waste disposal concept. in Chemical containment of wastes in the geosphere (ed R.Metcalfe and C.A.Rochelle), Geol.Soc.Spec.Publ. No. 157, 47-69.

 

Chapman, N.A. and I.G. McKinley (1987), The Geological Disposal of Nuclear Waste;

.John Wiley and Sons. 280p.

 

Chapman, N.A., I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea and J.A.T. Smellie (Editors, 1993), The Poços de Caldas project: natural analogues of processes in a radioactive waste repository; Elsevier, Amsterdam, (also printed in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 45, Nos. 1-3): contains 20 papers on the Poços de Caldas project.

 

Miller, W.M., W.R. Alexander, N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley and J.A.T. Smellie (1994), Natural analogue studies in the geological disposal of radioactive wastes; Studies in Environmental Sciences 57, Elsevier, Amsterdam (also Nagra Technical Report NTB 93-03).

 

W.M.Miller, W.R.Alexander, N.A.Chapman, I.G.McKinley and J.A.T.Smellie (2000) The geological disposal of radioactive waste and natural analogues: lessons from nature and archaeology. Waste management series, vol. 2, Pergamon, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

 

J.M.West, I.G.McKinley and S.Stroess-Gascoyne (2002)Microbial effects on waste repository materials. Ch. 9 in M.J.Keith-Roach and F.R.Livens (eds), Interactions of micro-organisms with radionuclides. Radioactivity in the Environment, Vol. 2 Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

 

W.R.Alexander, P.A.Smith and I.G.McKinley (2003). Modelling radionuclide transport in the geological environment: a case study from the field of radioactive waste disposal. Ch.5 in E.M.Scott (ed), Modelling Radioactivity in the Environment, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (in press).

 

 

Papers, technical reports and newspaper/magazine articles:

 

Alexander, W.R. (1992), (ed), A natural analogue study of cement-buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a sedimentary host rock - I: Source-term description and geochemical code database validation; Nagra Technical Report NTB 91-10. Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Alexander, W.R. (1993), Assessment of conservative matrix diffusion depths (in crystalline rock) via studies of natural systems (a support document for the Kristallin- 1 safety assessment) in U.Frick, Beurteilung der Diffusion im Grundwasser von Kristallingesteinen. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

Alexander, W.R. (1995), Natural cements: How can they help us safely dispose of radioactive waste?. Radwaste Magazine 2, vol 5, Sept. 1995, pp61-69.

 

Alexander, W.R. and T.Shimmield (1990), Microwave oven dissolution of geological materials: implications for natural decay series analyses. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 145, pp301-310.

 

W.R.Alexander and I.G.McKinley (1990) Natural analogues in performance assessment: improving models of radionuclide transport in groundwaters by studying the natural environment. CEC Report EUR13014EN, Brussels.

 

Alexander, W.R. and I.G. McKinley (1992), A review of the application of natural analogues in performance assessment: improving models of radionuclide transport in groundwaters; in N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea, J.A.T. Smellie (Editors), The Poços de Caldas Project: Natural Analogues of Processes in a Radioactive Waste Repository. J. Geochem. Explor. 46, 1992, pp. 83-115.

 

Alexander, W.R. and I.G. McKinley (1992), Natural analogues in performance assessment: Improving models of radionuclide transport in groundwaters by studying the natural environment; in Fourth natural analogue working group meeting (NAWG) and Poços de Caldas project final workshop, EUR 13014 EN, Pitlochry, Scotland, 18 to 22 June 1990.

 

Alexander, W.R. and I.G. McKinley (eds, 1993), Technical work-shop on hyperalkaline plumes associated with cementitious radwaste repositories; February 1993, Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

Alexander, W.R. and I.G.McKinley (1994), Constraints on the use of "in situ distribution coefficients (Kd)" values in contaminant transport modelling. Eclogae geol. Helv. 87/2, pp 321-324 (extended abstract).

 

Alexander, W.R. and W.M.Miller (1994), Natural analogues of bituminous waste - are there any? Fourth Inter. Conf. Chem. Migration Behaviour Actinides and Fission Products, Charleston, USA, 12-17/12/93, pp559-563.

 

Alexander, W.R. and M.Mazurek (1996), The Maqarin natural analogue: possible implications for the performance of a cementitious repository at Wellenberg. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

W.R.Alexander and J.A.T.Smellie (1997) The Maqarin natural analogue project: an overview. Proc. 7th NAWG Workshop, Stein am Rhein, Sept. 1996. CEC EUR Report EN 18734

 

W.R.Alexander and J.A.T.Smellie (1998) Maqarin natural analogue project: synthesis report on Phases I, II and III. Nagra Unpublished Project Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

Alexander, W.R. and Blaser, P.C. (eds) (2002) The use of technical natural analoguers in radioactive waste disposal. Nagra Unpublished Project Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Alexander, W.R., R.D. Scott, A.B. MacKenzie and I.G. McKinley (1987), Natural analogue studies at Grimsel, Southern Switzerland; in Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, CEC Report EUR 11037 EN, Commission of the European Communities, Brussel.

 

Alexander, W.R., R.D. Scott, A.B. MacKenzie and I.G. McKinley (1988), A Natural Analogue Study of Radionuclide Migration in a Water Conducting Fracture in Crystalline Rock; Radiochim Acta 44/45, pp.283-289.

 

Alexander, W.R., A.B. MacKenzie, R.D. Scott and I.G. McKinley (1990), Natural Analogue Studies in Crystalline Rock: Influence of Water Bearing Fractures on Radionuclide Immobilization in a Granitic Repository; Nagra Technical Report NTB 87-08, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Alexander, W.R., I.G. McKinley, A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1990), Verification of matrix diffusion by means of natural decay series disequilibria in a profile across a water conducting fracture in granitic rock; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XIII, pp.567-576.

 

Alexander, W.R., U. Frick, A. Gautschi and I.G. McKinley (1990), Natural analogue studies in the radioactive waste research programme of Switzerland (status 1990 and bibliography); in Fourth natural analogue working group meeting (NAWG) and Poços de Caldas project final workshop, EUR 13014 EN, Pitlochry, Scotland, 18 to 22 June 1990.

 

Alexander, W.R., R. Dayal, L. Eagleson, J. Eikenberg, E. Hamilton, C.M. Linklater, I.G. McKinley and C.J. Tweed (1992), A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of Northern Jordan. II: results of predictive geochemical calculations; in N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea and J.A.T. Smellie (Editors). J. Geochem. Explor. 46, 1992, pp. 133-146.

 

Alexander, W.R., A.E.Milodowski, H.N.Khoury and E.Salameh (1995) Why go to Jordan to worry about Wellenberg? A study of the interaction between cement derived hyperalkaline water and sedimentary rocks. Abstract in Schweiz. Miner. Petr. Mitt. 75, pp 467-468.

 

Alexander, W.R., A.Gautschi and I.G.McKinley (1996) Overview of the Swiss natural analogue programme 1994. Proc. 6th NAWG Workshop, Santa Fe, Sept. 1994. CEC EUR Report EN16761.

 

W.R.Alexander and M.Mazurek (1996) The Maqarin natural analogue: possible implications for the performance of a cementitious repository at Wellenberg. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Alexander, W.R., J.A.T.Smellie and I.Crossland (1996), Potential effects of hyperalkaline leachates on cementitious repository host rocks: an example from northern Jordan. Extended abstract, Proc. Chem. Containment Waste, BGS, 3-4 Sept., 1996, BGS, Keyworth, UK.

 

W.R.Alexander, A.Gautschi and P.Zuidema (1998) Thorough testing of performance assessment models: the necessary integration of in situ experiments, natural analogues and laboratory work. Abstract in Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XXI, 1013-1014.

 

W.R. Alexander, K. Ando, A. Shimmura, W. Miller, J. West and H. Kawamura (2001) Using natural analogues in public communication. Poster presented at Earth Systems Conference, Edinburgh, June, 2001

 

W.R.Alexander, R.Bros, T.Iwatsuki, G.Kamei, A.B.MacKenzie, W.M.Miller, K.Ota, M.Shiotsuki, J.A.T.Smellie and M.Yui (2001) Nagra-JNC Bilateral Programme: March 2001 Tokai Workshop Series 3. JNC Natural Analogue Programme Review (and associated field trip), 6th &7th March, 2001. Nagra Unpublished Project Report NPB 01-12, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

W.R.Alexander, N.A.Chapman, I.G.McKinley, F.B.Neall and J.A.T.Smellie (2002) The use of technical natural analogues in radioactive waste disposal Nagra Unpublished Project Report NPB 02-03, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

Baertschi, P. (1995), Radiation risk from a HLW repository compared with other risks. Nagra Bulletin No. 25, March, 1995. Nagra, Wettingen

 

Baertschi, P., W.R. Alexander and H. Dollinger (1991), Uranium migration in crystalline rocks: capillary solution transport in the granite of the Grimsel Test Site; Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-15, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Bath A., M. Cave, U. Berner, I.G. McKinley and C. Neal (1987), Testing geochemical models in a hyperalkaline environment; in Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, CEC Report EUR 11037 EN, Commission of European Communities, Brussels.

 

Bath, A.H., N. Christofi, C. Neal, J.C. Philp, M.R. Cave, I.G. McKinley and U.Berner (1988), Trace Element and Microbiological Studies of Alkaline Groundwaters in Oman, Arabian Gulf: A Natural Analogue for Cement Pore Waters; Nagra Technical Report NTB 87-16, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Bruno, J., J.E. Cross, J. Eikenberg, I.G. McKinley, D. Read, A. Sandino and P. Sellin (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 11: Testing of geochemical models in the Poços de Caldas analogue study; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-29. Also published as SKB TR 90-20 and UK-DOE WR 90-051.

 

Cathles, L.M. and M.E. Shea (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 13: Near-field high-temperature transport: Evidence from the genesis of the Osamu Utsumi uranium mine , Poços de Caldas alkaline complex, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-31. Also published as SKB TR 90-22 and UK-DOE WR 90-053.

 

Chapman, N.A. and I.G. McKinley (1990), Radioactive waste: back to the future?; New Scientist 5 May, pp. 54-58, also Atom no. 408, pp. 22-26.

 

Chapman, N.A., I.G. McKinley and J.A.T. Smellie (1984), The Potential of Natural Analogues in Assessing Systems for Deep Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste; Nagra Technical Report NTB 85-41, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland. Also published as EIR Bericht Nr.545, Federal Institute for Reactor Research, Würenlingen, Switzerland and KBS Technical Report 84-16, SKB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, Stockholm, Sweden.

 

Chapman, N.A., I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea and J.A.T. Smellie (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 15: Summary and implications for radioactive waste management; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-33. Also published as SKB TR 90-24 and UK-DOE WR 90-055

 

Chapman, N.A., I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea and J.A.T. Smellie (eds) (1993), Poços de Caldas: nature`s experiment. Nagra Bulletin 1/1993,

 

Coombs, P., S.J.Gardner, C.A.Rochelle and J.M.West Microbial processes under hyperalkaline conditions - results from Phase III of the Maqarin natural analogue study. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Cross, J.E., A. Haworth, P.C. Lichtner, A.B. MacKenzie, L. Moreno, I. Neretnieks. D.K. Nordstrom, D. Read, L. Romero, R.D. Scott, S.M. Sharland and C.J. Tweed (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No.12: Testing models of redox front migration and geochimistry at the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-30. Also published as SKB TR 90-21 and UK-DOE WR 90-052.

 

Cross J.E., Gabriel D.S., Haworth A., Neretnieks I., Sharland S.M. and Tweed C.J. (1992) Modelling of Redox Front and Uranium Movement in a Uranium Mine at Poços de Caldas, Brazil. - Radiochimica Acta, 52/53, p. 445-451.

 

Dearlove, J.P.L. (1989), Analogue studies in natural rock systems: Uranium series radionuclide and REE distribution and transport; unpubl. Ph.D Thesis, Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology, May 1989.

 

Dearlove, J.P.L., D.C. Green and M. Ivanovich (1988), Uranium transport and the partitioning of U, Th, and Ra isotopes between solid and aqueous phases; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XII, pp.927-932.

 

Dearlove, J.P.L., M. Ivanovich and D.C. Green (1989), Partition coefficients (Rd) for the U-series radionuclides in ion exchange sites and amorphous Fe phase in illite and granite samples; in Proceedings of the 6th Water-Rock Interaction Conference (WRI-6), Malvern, August 1989, pp.191-195.

 

Degueldre, C., H.-R.Pfeiffer, W.R.Alexander, B.Wernli and R.Bruetsch (1996), Colloid properties in granitic groundwater systems. I: sampling and characterisation. Appl. Geochem. 11, pp677-695.

 

Eikenberg, J. and P.C. Lichtner (1992), Propagation of hyperalkaline cement pore waters into the geologic barrier surrounding a radioactive waste repository, in Proceedings of the 7th internaltional symposium on water-rock interaction - WRI-7, Park City, Utah, 13-18 July 1992. Edited by Y.K. Kharaka and A.S. Maest.

 

EWI (1983), Bitumen, ein Verfestigungsmaterial für radioaktive Abfälle und seine historischen Analoga. Nagra Technical Report NTB 83-11, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Frick, U., P. Baertschi and E. Hoehn (1988),Migration Experiment; Nagra Bulletin, special issue on the Grimsel Test Site 1988.

 

Güntensperger, M. (1993), International Video Project on Natural Analogues, EMS PIME '93, Karlovy Vary, 31.1.-3.2.93.

 

Hadermann, J., H.R. von Gunten, C. McCombie and I.G. McKinley (1988), Radionuclide migration in the geosphere - Swiss research activities in laboratory and field experiments and in model validation; Rad. Waste Manag. Nuc.Fuel Cycle 10, pp.233-255.

 

Heitz, E. and D. Zur Megede (1982), Korrosionsverhalten von unlegiertem Stahl, Stahlguss und Gusseisen als Endlagerbehälter-werkstoff in wasserführendem Granit Gestein. Nagra Technical Report NTB 82-08, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Herzog, F.(1987), Modelling isotope distributions in borecores; Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, CEC Report EUR11037EN, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1986), Small-scale multi-element accumulations in Permian red-beds of Northern Switzerland; N Jb. Mineral. (Mh.) 1986, pp.367-375.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1987), Geochemical analogue study in the Krunkelbach mine, Menzenschwand, Southern Germany: geology and water-rock interaction; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XII, pp.921-926.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1989), Genese, Alteration und rezentes Fliess-System der Uranlagerstätte Krunkelbach (Menzenschwand, Südschwarzwald); Dissertation Universität Bern, und Nagra Technischer Bericht NTB 89-30, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1990), Reduction spheroids from Northern Switzerland: mineralogy, geochemistry and genetic models; Chem. Geol. 81 PP.55-81.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1990), Reduction Spheres in Hematitic Rocks from Northern Switzerland: Implications for the Mobility of Rare Earth Elements; Nagra Technical Report NTB 89-17, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1991), An uranium series disequilibrium investegation of reduction spheroids in red beds; Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 71, 1991, pp. 333-340.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1992), Isolated reduction phenomena in red beds: A result of porewater radiolysis?; in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction - WRI-7, Park City, Utah, USA, 13-18 July 1992, edited by Y.K. Kharaka and A.S. Maest.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1993), Element mobilisation/immobilisation across redox gradients in red bed sediments. Extended abstract, EUG (Strasbourg), 1993.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1996), Radiolysis in nature and natural analogue studies of radiolytical processes. Proc. 6th NAWG Workshop, Santa Fe, Sept. 1994. CEC EUR Report EN16761.

 

Hofmann, B.A. (1999), Geochemistry of natural redox fronts - a review. Nagra Technical Report 99-05, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Hofmann, B.A., J.P.L. Dearlove, M. Ivanovich, D.A. Lever, D.C. Green, P. Baertschi and Tj. Peters (1987), Evidence of fossil and recent diffusive element migration in reduction haloes from Permian red-beds of Northern Switzerland; in Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, CEC Report EUR 11037 EN, pp.217-238, Commission of European Communities, Brussels.

 

Hofmann, B.A., J.O.Nyström and U.Krähenbühl (1996), The Ordovician chondrite from Brunflo, central Sweden, III: geochemistry of terrestrial alteration.

 

Holmes, D.C., A.E. Pitty and D.J. Noy (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 5: Geomorphological amd hydrogeological features of the Poços de Caldas caldera and the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-23. Also published as SKB TR 90-14 and UK-DOE WR 90-045.

 

Ivanovich M. and M.A. Wilkins (1984), Harwell report on the Analysis of Nagra groundwater samples from deep boreholes: uranium series disequilibrium measurements; AERE Report G3135, UKAEA, Harwell, UK.

 

Ivanovich M. and M.A. Wilkins (1984), Harwell report on the Analysis of Nagra rock and fracture infilling samples from the Böttstein core: uranium series disequilibrium measurements; AERE Report G 33171, UKAEA, Harwell, UK.

 

Ivanovich, M., M.A. Wilkins and J.P.L. Dearlove (1986), Analysis of uranium disequilibrium data in Nagra's deep borehole solid and liquid samples; AERE Report 12482, UKAEA, Harwell, UK.

 

Ivanovich, M., J.P.L. Dearlove and D.A. Lever (1986), Uranium series disequilibrium profiles from reduction haloes in Permian red-beds of Northern Switzerland ; AERE - G 4194 and AERE - R 12483, UKAEA, Harwell, UK.

 

Jercinovic, M.J. and R.C. Ewing (1988), Basaltic glasses from Iceland and the deep sea: natural analogues to borosilicate nuclear waste form glasses. JSS report 88-01.

 

Khoury, H.N., E. Salameh, I.D. Clark. P. Fritz. W. Bajjali, A.E. Milodowski, M.R. Cave and W.R. Alexander (1992), A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan. I: introduction to the site; J. Geochem. Explor. 46, 1992, pp. 117-132.

 

Linklater, C.M. (ed) (1998), A natural analogue study of cement-buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock. Phase II. Nirex Science Studies Report S/98/003, Nirex, Harwell, UK.

 

Linklater, C.M., C.J. Tweed, E. Hamilton, I.G. McKinley, J. Eikenberg, R. Dayal and K. Eagleson (1991), Predictive modelling of the geochemistry of hyperalkaline groundwater in the Maqarin area, Jordan; in Fourth natural analogue working group meeting (NAWG) and Poçcos de Caldas project final workshop, EUR 13014 EN, Pitlochry, Scotland, 18 to 22 June 1990.

 

Linklater, C.M., Y.Albinsson, W.R.Alexander, I.Casas, I.G.McKinley and P.Sellin (1996), A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan: comparison of predicted and observed trace element chemistry of uranium and selenium. J.Contam. Hydrol. 21, pp 59-69.

 

MacKenzie, A.B., R.D. Scott, P. Linslata, N. Miekeley, J.K. Osmond and D.B. Curtis (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 7: Natural radionuclide and stable element studies of rock samples from the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; Janaury 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-25. Also published as SKB TR 90-16 and UK-DOE WR 90-047.

 

McCarthy, J.F. and C. Degueldre (1993), Sampling and characterization of colloids and particles in ground water for studying their role in contaminant transport; in Environmental Particles, H.P. van Leeuwen and J. Buffle, Eds., IUPAC Environmental Analytical and Physical Chemistry Series, Vol. II, in press.

 

McCombie, C. (1991), Critical uncertainties in safety assessments and how to address them; in Fourth natural analogue working group meeting (NAWG) and Poços de Caldas project final workshop, EUR 13014 EN, Pitlochry, Scotland, 18 to 22 June 1990.

 

McCombie, C., P. Zuidema and I.G. McKinley (1991), Sufficient validation: The value of robustness in performance assessment and system design. Validation of geosphere flow and transport models (Geoval), OECD, Paris, pp. 598-610.

 

McCombie, C. and I.G.McKinley (1995), Natural analogues: confidence-building tools for HLW repositories. Radwaste Magazine, 2, vol 1, pp27-31.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1986), Applications of analogues in near-field geochemistry; in Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the Natural Analogue Working Group in Brussels, November 5-7, 1985; CEC Report EUR 10315, pp.76-85, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1987), A review of Swiss natural analogue studies; CEC Report EUR 10671, pp.89-92, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1987), Das Poços de Caldas Projekt, EIR Bulletin 62, pp. 24-26, Federal Institute for Reactor Research, Würenlingen, Switzerland.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1987), Natürliche Analoga - ihre Bedeutung für die nukleare Entsorgung; EIR Bulletin 63, pp.35-39, Federal Institute for Reactor Research, Würenlingen, Switzerland.

 

McKinley, I .G. ( 1987), Natürliche Analoga in Oman; in Nagra Informiert 3/87 (September 1987, 9.,Jahrgang), pp.38-42; Nagra Baden, Switzerland.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1989), Applying natural analogues in predictive performance assessment; Nagra Internal Report 89-02, Nagra, Baden, Switzerland.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1989), Applying natural analogues in predictive performance assessment (1): principles and requirements; (2): examples and discussions; in Risk analysis in nuclear waste management, pp.357-396, Klewer Academic Publ., Netherlands.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1993), The role of natural analogues in nuclear waste repository performance assessment with particular emphasis on experience in Switzerland. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 42, pp233-246.

 

McKinley, I.G. (1995), Poços de Caldas: testing models of radionuclide transport processes. Radwaste Magazine, 2, vol 4, pp34-38.

 

McKinley, I.G. and H.A. Grogan (1987), Natural analogues support for geomicrobiological modelling; CEC Report EUR 10671, pp153-159, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

McKinley, I.G. and U. Frick (1989), Swiss natural analogue research; in Proc. 3rd CEC Meeting of the Natural Analogue Working Group NA WG, EUR 11725, pp.104-109, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R.Alexander (eds.) (1991), An overview of the potential perturbations of the far field by high pH leachate from a cementitious L/ILW repository. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R. Alexander (1992), Use of Natural Analogues to test performance assessment models of a cementitious near field; Waste Manag. 12, pp. 253-259.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R. Alexander (1992), Constraints on the Applicability of 'In-Situ Distribution Coefficient' Values; accepted 5 January, 1991, J. Environ. Radioactivity 15, pp. 19-34.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R. Alexander (1993), Assessment of radionuclide retardation: Uses and abuses of natural analogue studies; J. Contamin. Hydrol., 13, pp249-259 (plus comments, pp260-270, and reply to comments, pp271-275).

 

McKinley, I.G. and C.McCombie (1995), Natural analogues: a look into the future. Radwaste Magazine, 2, vol 6, p46.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R.Alexander (1996), The uses of natural analogue input in repository performance assessment: an overview. Proc. 6th NAWG Workshop, Santa Fe, Sept. 1994. CEC EUR Report EN16761, pp273-282.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R.Alexander (1996), On the incorrect derivation and use of in situ retardation factors from natural isotope profiles. Radiochim Acta 74, pp 263-267.

 

McKinley, I.G. and W.R.Alexander (2002) Integration of TRU disposal studies in Switzerland. Waste Management 2002, Tucson, Arizona, USA (submitted).

 

McKinley, I.G., U. Berner and H. Wanner (1987), Predictions of radionuclide chemistry in a highly alkaline environment; PTB-SE-14, pp.77-89.

 

McKinley, I.G., W.R. Alexander, C. Bajo, U. Frick, J. Hadermann, F. Herzog and E. Hoehn (1988), The radionuclide migration experiment at the Grimsel Rock Laboratory, Switzerland; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XI, pp.179-187.

 

McKinley, I.G., A.Bath, U. Berner, M. Cave and C. Neil (1988), Results of the Oman analogue study; Radiochim Acta 44/45, pp.311-316.

 

McKinley, I.G., C. McCombie and P. Zuidema (1989), Applications of natural analogues in Swiss safety analysis; in Proc. 3rd CEC Meeting of the Natural Analogue Working Group NAWG, CEC Report EUR 11725, pp.174-180, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

McKinley, I.G., W.R. Alexander, C. McCombie and P.Zuidema (1992), Application of results from the Poços de Caldas Project in the Kristallin-I HLW performance assessment; in Proceedings of the International Conference of High-Level Radioactive Waste Management in Las Vegas, April 12-16, 1992, pp357-361.

 

McKinley, I.G., A.Scholtis and W.R.Alexander (1994), The Nagra thermodynamic database: compilation, testing and application. Proc. Inter. Conf. Geological Disposal Rad. Waste, Tokai, November,1993. PNC Report, PNC, Tokyo.

 

I.G.McKinley, I.Hagenlocher, W.R.Alexander and B.Schwyn (1997) Microbiology in nuclear waste disposal: interfaces and reaction fronts. FEMS Microbiol.Rev. 20, pp545-556.

 

I.G.McKinley, W.R.Alexander, A.Gautschi and H.N.Waber (1998) An approach to validation of solubility databases for performance assessment. Radiochim Acta 82, 407-412

 

McKie, D.M., Mäder, U., Alexander, W.R., McKinley, I.G., Yoshida, H. and Ota, K. (1997), Development of a mechanistic model to interpret natural decay series disequilibrium data. 7th Meeting of the Natural Analogue Working Group, Stein am Rhein , CEC Report EUR 18734, pp.35-37, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

Mazurek, M. (1990), Geochemical study of oxidation effects in Opalinus Clay from the Siblingen clay pit. Nagra Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Mazurek, M., W.R.Alexander and A.B.MacKenzie (1996), Contaminant retardation in fractured shales: matrix diffusion and redox front entrapment. J.Contam. Hydrol. 21, pp 71-84.

 

Miekeley N., Jesus H.C., Silveira C.L.P. and Kuechler I.L. (1989) Colloid investigations in the Pocos de Caldas natural analogue project. Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XII, Berlin, 1988. Materials Research Society, p. 831-842.

 

Miekeley, N., H. Coutinho de Jesus, C.L. Porto da Silveira, P. Linslata, R. Morse and K. Osmond (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 8: Natural series radionuclide and rare-earth element geochemistry of waters from the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-26. Also published as SKB TR 90-17 and UK-DOE WR 90-048.

 

Miekeley, N., H. Coutinho de Jesus, C.L. Porto da Silveira and C. Degueldre (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 9: Chemical and physical characterisation of suspended particles and colloids in waters from the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-27. Also published as SKB TR 90-18 and UK-DOE WR 90-049.

 

Miller, W.M., W.R. Alexander, N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley and J.A.T. Smellie (1994), Natural analogues revisited. Proc. Fourth Inter. Conf. Chem. Migration Behaviour Actinides and Fission Products, Charleston, USA, 12-17/12/93, pp559-563.

 

Milodowski, A.E., J.M. Pearce, C.R. Hughes and H.N. Khoury (1992), A preliminary mineralogical investigation of a natural hyperalkaline groundwater ineraction with marl, Maqarin, Northern Jordan; June 1992, Nagra Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Müller-Vonmoos, M. and G. Kahr (1985), Langzeitstabilität von Bentonit unter Endlagerbedingungen; Nagra Technischer Bericht NTB 85-25, Nagra, Wettingen,, Switzerland.

 

F. Neall and W.R.Alexander (1999) Examination of the potential effects of cement leaching on radioactive waste containment in a cementitious repository: overview report. Nagra Unpublished Project Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Neall, F., P-Baertschi, I.G.McKinley, P.Smith, T.Sumerling and H.Umeki (1994), Kristallin-1: results in perspective. Nagra Technical Report NTB 93-23, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

Neall, F., P-Baertschi, I.G.McKinley, P.Smith, T.Sumerling and H.Umeki (1995), Putting HLW performance assessment results in perspective. Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XVIII, pp503-510

 

Nordstrom, D.K., J.A.T. Smellie and M. Wolf (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 6: Chemical and isotopic composition of groundwaters and their seasonal variability at the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; Janaury 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-24. Also published as SKB TR 90-15 and UK-DOE WR 90-046

 

Nordstrom, D.K., I. Puigdomènech and R.H. McNutt (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 14: Geochemical modelling of water-rock interactions at the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-32. Also published as SKB TR 90-23 and UK-DOE WR 90-054.

 

Pate, S.M., I.G. McKinley and W.R. Alexander (1994), Use of natural analogue test cases to evaluate a new performance assessment TDB; in Proceedings of the 5th NAWG workshop, Toledo, Spain, September 1992. Eds. H. von Maravic and J.A.T. Smellie. CEC Report EUR 15176 EN, pp321-331.

 

Pearce, J.M., W.R.Alexander, P.D.Wetton and A.E.Milodowski (1996), A natural analogue study of the Maqarin hyperalkaline groundwaters: interim report on the production of colloids at the cement/host rock interface. Nagra Unpublished Internal Report, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland.

 

Romero L., Moreno L. and Neretnieks I. (1991) Modelling of the large scale redox front evolution in an open pit uranium mine in Pocos de Caldas, Brazil. - GEOVAL 90: Symposium on Validation of Geosphere Flow and Transport Models. Stockholm (Sweden), 14-17 May 1990, Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1991, p. 131-138.

 

Santschi, P.M., C. Bajo, M. Mantovani, D. Orciuolo, R.E. Cranston and J. Bruno (1988), Uranium in pore waters from North Atlantic (GME and Southern Nares Abyssal Plain) Sediments; Nature 331 pp.155-157.

 

Schorscher, H.D. and M.E. Shea (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 1: The regional geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Poços de Caldas alkaline caldera complex, Minas Gerais, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-19. Also published as SKB TR 90-10 and UK-DOE WR 90-041.

 

Scott, R.D., A.B. MacKenzie and W.R. Alexander (1992), The Interpretation of 238U-234U-230Th-226Ra disequilibria produced by rock-water interactions; in N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley, M.E. Shea, J.A.T. Smellie (Editors), The Poços de Caldas Project: Natural Analogues of Processes in a Radioactive Waste Repository. J. Geochem. Explor. 45, 1992, pp. 323-343.

 

Shea, M.E. (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 4: Isotopic geochemical characterization of selected nepheline syenites end phonolites from the Poços de Caldas alkaline complex, Minas Gerais, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-22. Also published as SKB TR 90-13 and UK-DOE WR 90-044.

 

Shin, W.S. (1982), The long-term stability of cement and concrete for nuclear waste disposal under normal geologic conditions; Nagra Technical Report NTB 82-03, Baden, Switzerland.

 

Smellie, J.A.T. (ed) (1996), A natural analogue study of cement-buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock. Phase III. SKB Report (in press), SKB, Stockholm.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1984), Natural analogues to the conditions around a final repository for high- level radioactive waste; in KBS Technical Report 84-18, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1985), An analogue validation study of natural radionuclide migration in crystalline rocks using uranium series disequilibrium studies; in Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the Natural Analogue Working Group in Brussels, November 5-7, 1985; CEC Report EUR 10315, pp.76-85, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1985), An analogue validation study of natural radionuclide migration in crystalline rocks using uranium series disequilibrium: preliminay results; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. IX, pp.91-98.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1986), An Analogue Validation Study of Natural Radionuclide Migration in Crystalline Rocks Using Uranium-Series Disequilibrium Studies; Chem Geol, 55, pp.233-254.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., A.B. MacKenzie and R.D. Scott (1986), I: An Analogue Validation Study of Natural Radionuclide Migration in Crystalline Rocks Using Uranium-Series Disequilibrium Studies, II:, A Comparison of Neutron Activation and Alpha Spectroscopy analyses of Thorium in Crystalline Rocks. SKB-Technical Report 01, SKB, Stockholm, Sweden.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., L. Barroso Magno, Jr, N.A. Chapman, I .G. McKinley and E.P. Franca (1987), The Poços de Caldas project feasibility study 1986-1987; in Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, CEC Report EUR 11037 EN, Commission of European Communities, Brussels.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., L. Barroso Magno Jr., N.A. Chapman, I.G. McKinley, E. Penna Franca and M. Shea (1989), Testing safety assessment models using natural analogues in high natural series groundwaters; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XII pp.863-870.

 

Smellie, J.A.T., F.Karlsson and W.R.Alexander (1997) Natural analogue studies: present status and performance assessment implications. J.Contam. Hydrol. 26, pp3-17.

 

H.von Maravaic and W.R.Alexander (2002) eds 8th EC NAWG meeting: proceedings of an international workshop held in Strasbourg, France, from 23-25 March, 1999. EC EUR 19118 EN, Luxembourg.

 

Waber, H.N. (1990), Hydrothermal and supergene evolution of the Osamu Utsumi uranium deposit and the Morro do Ferro thorium-rare earth deposit (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Berne, Berne.

 

Waber, H.N. (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 3: Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Poços de Caldas analogue study sites, Minas Gerais, Brazil: II. Morro do Ferro; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-21. Also published as SKB TR 90-12 and UK-DOE WR 90-043.

 

Waber, H.N. (1994a), Berner Geologen im Einsatz in Brasilien: Metall-Lagerstaetten als Naturanaloga fuer Abfalldeponien. Unipress 83 (Dezember, 1994), pp28-32. Pressestelle der Universitaet Bern, Bern.

 

Waber, H.N. (1994b), Geochemische Modellierungen. Unipress 83 (Dezember, 1994), pp33-38. Pressestelle der Universitaet Bern, Bern.

 

Waber, H.N. and W.R.Alexander (1995) Vom Natur-Zement zum Endlager Beton. Schweiz.Techn.Zeitschrift 12/95, STV-Verlags AG, Zürich, Switzerland.

 

Waber, N.H., H.D. Schorscher and T. Peters (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 2: Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Poços de Caldas analogue study sites, Minas Gerais, Brazil: I. Osamu Utsumi uranium mine; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-20. Also published as SKB TR 90-11 and UK-DOE WR 90-042.

 

Wayne, L. (1985), Thorium Mobilization in a Terrestrial Environment. Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis, New York University, 415 p.

 

West, J.M., I.G. McKinley and A. Vialta. (1989), The influence of microbial activity on the movement of uranium at Osamu Utsumi, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Manag. XII pp.771-777.

 

West, J.M., A. Vialta and I.G. McKinley (1991), Poços de Caldas Report No. 10: Microbiological analysis at the Osamu Utsumi mine and Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Brazil; January 1991, Nagra Technical Report NTB 90-28. Also published as SKB TR 90-19 and UK-DOE WR 90-050.

 

West, J.M., P.Coombs, S.J.Gardner and C.A.Rochelle (1995), The microbiology of the Maqarin site, Jordan - a natural analogue for cementitious radioactive waste repositories. Sci.Basis Nucl. waste Manag. XVIII, pp181-188.

 

J.M.West, W.M.Miller, I.G.McKinley and W.R.Alexander (2001) Confidence building in the Japanese radioactive waste disposal programme: the use of natural analogues. Nagra Unpublished Project Report NPB 01-04, Nagra, Wettingen.

 

 

 

Video:

 

"Traces of the Future" 55min and 24min versions of an exploration of the uses of natural analogues in waste disposal. Production was co-ordinated by Nagra and co-funded by SKB, Nirex, CEC, USDoE, Ondraf, ENRESA, AECL and Nagra. English master translated into German, French, Japanese, Czech, Chinese, Flemish, Spanish and Swedish.

The Czech version of the video was awarded 1st prize in its category at the 34th International Festival of Films and Video Programmes on Science, Technology, Agriculture and the Environment, Hradec Kralove, Czech Replublic, 19th October, 1996.